What Is Zakat? A Complete Guide
Zakat (Arabic: زكاة) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam — the obligatory annual almsgiving that every eligible Muslim must pay. The word "Zakat" comes from the Arabic root meaning purification and growth. By paying Zakat, Muslims purify their wealth spiritually while contributing to the welfare of their community.
Zakat is mentioned 32 times in the Quran, often alongside Salah (prayer), highlighting its central importance in Islam. The Quran states: "Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [Allah's blessings] upon them." (Quran 9:103)
Unlike voluntary charity (Sadaqah), Zakat is a religious obligation with specific rules, thresholds, eligible recipients, and calculation methods defined by Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).
Who Must Pay Zakat?
Zakat is obligatory on every Muslim who meets all of the following conditions:
- Muslim: Zakat is only obligatory on Muslims
- Adult (Baligh): Has reached the age of puberty
- Sane (Aaqil): Is of sound mind
- Free (Hurr): Is not in a state of slavery
- Owns Nisab: Possesses wealth equal to or above the Nisab threshold
- Hawl has passed: Has held that wealth for one complete lunar year
Some scholars also require that the wealth be "in excess of one's basic needs," though the majority opinion is that the Nisab threshold itself accounts for this.
What Is Nisab and How Is It Calculated in 2026?
Nisab is the minimum threshold of wealth above which Zakat becomes obligatory. There are two Nisab values used today, based on the prophetic sunnah:
| Nisab Method | Weight | Approx. Value (USD) | Approx. Value (AED) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gold Nisab | 85 grams of gold | ~$8,372 | ~30,727 AED |
| Silver Nisab | 595 grams of silver | ~$685 | ~2,514 AED |
Values are approximate and fluctuate with market prices. Our calculator uses current approximate gold and silver prices.
Most contemporary scholars — including the Islamic Fiqh Academy, the European Council for Fatwa and Research, and scholars like Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi — recommend using the silver Nisab. This is because silver Nisab is lower, meaning more Muslims are included in the obligation of Zakat, which serves the social welfare purpose of Zakat more effectively.
What Assets Are Zakatable?
Islamic jurisprudence identifies several categories of zakatable wealth. Here is a comprehensive breakdown:
Cash and Bank Savings
All cash in hand and in bank accounts is zakatable. This includes current accounts, savings accounts, fixed deposits, and money market funds. The full balance on your Zakat date is included, regardless of whether interest is earned (interest earnings should be given away to charity separately).
Gold and Silver
All gold and silver owned for investment or saving purposes is zakatable at 2.5% of its current market value. Gold jewellery is a matter of scholarly debate — the Hanafi and Maliki schools consider all jewellery zakatable, while the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools exempt jewellery in personal use. To be safe, many contemporary scholars recommend paying Zakat on all gold and silver above the Nisab.
Stocks and Shares
Stocks are zakatable. The most widely accepted method is the Market Value Method: pay 2.5% on the total current market value of your shares on your Zakat date. An alternative scholarly opinion (the Underlying Asset Method) requires a more detailed analysis of the company's zakatable assets per share. Our calculator uses the market value method for simplicity.
Cryptocurrency
Contemporary Islamic scholars including those at Darul Uloom Deoband, Al-Azhar, and the Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America (AMJA) consider cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.) a zakatable asset when held as an investment. Pay 2.5% of the market value on your Zakat date. Crypto used for direct transactions is treated like currency.
Business Inventory and Receivables
Business owners must include the value of goods held for sale (inventory) and money owed to the business that is likely to be recovered (receivables). Fixed assets like machinery and buildings used in production are not zakatable.
Rental Income
Net rental income accumulated over the year is zakatable if it reaches the Nisab and has been held for a year. Note: the property itself (building) is not zakatable — only the income it generates.
What Assets Are NOT Zakatable?
The following are generally not subject to Zakat:
- Your primary home (residence)
- Vehicles for personal use
- Furniture and household items
- Tools and equipment used in your profession
- Fixed business assets (machinery, commercial property)
- Pension funds in many scholarly opinions (check with a scholar)
- Debts owed by insolvent debtors unlikely to repay
How to Calculate Zakat — Step by Step
- Set your Zakat date: Choose one consistent date each year — Ramadan 1st is popular
- List all zakatable assets: Cash, gold, silver, stocks, crypto, business inventory, receivables, rental income
- Calculate their total current value in your chosen currency on that date
- Deduct immediate debts: Only debts due within the coming year are deductible
- Check against Nisab: Is your net wealth above the Nisab threshold?
- If yes — pay 2.5%: This is your annual Zakat obligation
Who Can Receive Zakat?
The Quran (9:60) specifies eight categories of people eligible to receive Zakat:
| # | Category (Arabic) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Al-Fuqara (الفقراء) | The poor — those with little or no income |
| 2 | Al-Masakin (المساكين) | The needy — those whose income is insufficient |
| 3 | Al-Amilin (العاملين عليها) | Zakat administrators and collectors |
| 4 | Al-Mu'allafah Qulubuhum (المؤلفة قلوبهم) | Those whose hearts are being reconciled to Islam |
| 5 | Fi al-Riqab (في الرقاب) | Freeing of slaves or captives |
| 6 | Al-Gharimin (الغارمين) | Those in debt through no fault of their own |
| 7 | Fi Sabilillah (في سبيل الله) | In the cause of Allah (Islamic education, da'wah, etc.) |
| 8 | Ibn al-Sabil (ابن السبيل) | The stranded traveller |
Zakat Calculator by Country
Our Zakat calculator supports Muslims in 12 countries and currencies. For country-specific guidance on where to pay Zakat locally, see our dedicated pages:
- Zakat Calculator UAE (AED) — local charity organisations and guidance
- Zakat Calculator Saudi Arabia (SAR) — ZATCA requirements
- Zakat Calculator UK (GBP) — NZF and Islamic Relief guidance
- Zakat Calculator Pakistan (PKR) — local nisab and recipients
- Zakat Calculator Malaysia (MYR) — JAKIM and state zakat bodies
- Zakat Calculator USA (USD) — ISNA and AMJA guidance
Common Zakat Mistakes to Avoid
- Forgetting crypto or stocks: These are zakatable assets just like gold
- Deducting too many debts: Only immediate debts due this year are deductible
- Using the wrong Nisab: Gold and silver Nisab can differ significantly
- Not checking Hawl: Wealth must be held for a full lunar year
- Excluding business inventory: If you sell goods, their stock is zakatable
- Paying Zakat on fixed assets: Machinery and buildings used in business are NOT zakatable
Key Takeaways
- Zakat is 2.5% of total zakatable wealth above the Nisab, held for one lunar year
- Zakatable assets include cash, gold, silver, stocks, crypto, business inventory
- Immediate debts (due within the year) can be deducted
- Most scholars recommend the silver Nisab (~595g of silver)
- Gold jewellery for personal use is debated — Hanafi/Maliki schools consider it zakatable
- Cryptocurrency is zakatable according to the majority of contemporary scholars
This calculator is based on published guidance from the Islamic Fiqh Academy, AAOIFI Shariah Standards, and recognised contemporary scholars. For personal rulings (fatwa), please consult a qualified Islamic scholar.
Frequently Asked Questions About Zakat
Related Zakat Guides
- Zakat on Gold Calculator — detailed guide
- Zakat on Cryptocurrency — Bitcoin, Ethereum & more
- Zakat on Stocks and Shares
- Nisab Value Today — Gold & Silver
- Zakat on Business Assets
- Zakat Calculator UAE
- Zakat Calculator UK
- Zakat Calculator Pakistan
- Halal Food E-Number Checker
- Is E471 Halal?
Sources & References
- Islamic Fiqh Academy — Zakat Rulings
- Islamic Relief — Zakat Calculator Guidance
- National Zakat Foundation (UK)
- AAOIFI Shariah Standard No. 35 — Zakat
- Quran 9:60 — Eight Categories of Zakat Recipients